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Excavation, Trenching, and Shoring Safety in Construction

25 minutesEN / ESSafety Training29 CFR 1926 Subpart P (1926.650-652)
Quick Answer

Excavation, Trenching, and Shoring Safety in Construction is a 25-minute online course that covers cave-in prevention, soil classification, and protective system requirements for excavation work as regulated under OSHA's 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P. It is designed for excavation crews, competent persons, and construction site supervisors and includes a downloadable certificate of completion.

Course Overview

Trenching and excavation work is among the most dangerous operations in construction. OSHA reports that trench collapses killed 39 workers in 2022 alone, prompting the agency to launch a National Emphasis Program with a zero-tolerance enforcement policy for unprotected trenches. Federal OSHA and state plan agencies have since driven fatalities down significantly - to 15 in 2023 and 12 in 2024 - but the hazard remains lethal. A single cubic yard of soil can weigh as much as a car, and workers trapped in a cave-in have very little time before the weight causes suffocation or crushing injuries. Every excavation deeper than five feet requires a protective system unless the work is in stable rock.

This course trains your employees on the fundamentals of safe excavation and trenching. Your team will learn to identify the three OSHA soil classifications - Type A, Type B, and Type C - and understand how soil type determines which protective systems are required. The training covers sloping, benching, shoring, and shielding as protective methods, and explains the role of the competent person in inspecting trenches, classifying soil, and making real-time safety decisions. Your crews will understand what must happen before, during, and after excavation to prevent the cave-in hazards that continue to kill construction workers every year.

What You'll Learn

  • OSHA excavation standards under 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P (1926.650-652)
  • Soil classification - Type A, Type B, Type C, and stable rock
  • Protective systems - sloping, benching, shoring, and shielding
  • Competent person responsibilities for trench inspection and hazard assessment
  • Cave-in hazard recognition and the factors that increase collapse risk
  • Access and egress requirements for excavations deeper than four feet
  • Additional hazards - water accumulation, falling loads, hazardous atmospheres, and adjacent structures

Who Needs This Training

  • Excavation and trenching crew members who enter or work adjacent to open trenches
  • Competent persons designated to inspect and classify excavation conditions
  • Site supervisors and project managers overseeing excavation operations
  • Utility and pipeline workers performing trench work for underground installations
  • Safety managers responsible for excavation safety programs and compliance
  • General contractors who subcontract excavation work and share multi-employer obligations

Regulatory Background

Excavation safety is regulated under OSHA's 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P (sections 1926.650 through 1926.652), which requires employers to protect workers in any trench five feet or deeper from cave-in hazards using sloping, shoring, or shielding systems. A competent person must inspect the excavation daily and after any change in conditions before workers may enter. OSHA's National Emphasis Program on Trenching and Excavation, established in 2018, enforces a zero-tolerance policy for unprotected trenches and has contributed to a significant decline in fatalities - from 39 in 2022 to 12 in 2024. Despite this progress, excavation remains one of the most lethal construction activities. Serious violations carry penalties up to $16,550, while willful violations - such as allowing workers in an unprotected trench - can reach $165,514. For excavations 20 feet or deeper, a registered professional engineer must design the protective system. Employers must also ensure egress (ladders, ramps, or stairways) within 25 feet of lateral travel for any trench four feet or deeper.

Frequently Asked Questions

Under 29 CFR 1926.652(a), employers must provide a protective system for any excavation five feet or deeper, unless the excavation is made entirely in stable rock. For trenches less than five feet deep, a competent person must still evaluate the conditions and determine whether protection is needed based on soil type, water presence, and other factors. Excavations 20 feet or deeper require a protective system designed by a registered professional engineer.
Under 29 CFR 1926.650(b), a competent person is someone who can identify existing and predictable hazards or hazardous conditions in excavations and who has the authority to take immediate corrective measures to eliminate them. This person must inspect the trench daily and after every rainstorm, freeze-thaw cycle, or other event that could change conditions. The competent person is also responsible for soil classification and selecting the appropriate protective system.
OSHA classifies soil into three types based on unconfined compressive strength. Type A is the most stable (cohesive soil with unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot or greater). Type B is moderately stable (cohesive soil between 0.5 and 1.5 tsf). Type C is the least stable (cohesive soil below 0.5 tsf or granular soil). Stable rock is a separate classification. Soil type determines the maximum allowable slope and which protective systems may be used.
OSHA's zero-tolerance enforcement policy for unprotected trenches has resulted in significant penalties. Serious violations carry fines up to $16,550, while willful violations reach $165,514 per instance. OSHA frequently issues willful citations for employers who place workers in unprotected trenches because the hazard is well-documented and the protective measures are well-established. Multiple workers exposed in the same trench can result in per-instance citations that multiply the penalty.
OSHA requires that workers exposed to excavation hazards be trained on hazard recognition and the use of protective systems, but does not prescribe a specific training format. Online training like this course provides awareness-level knowledge of excavation hazards and OSHA requirements. However, competent person training requires more in-depth instruction on soil classification methods and protective system design, and should include hands-on evaluation. Employers should supplement online training with jobsite-specific instruction.
$24.95
per person
Volume Pricing
Team Size Price per Person
1 - 9$24.95
10 - 24$19.95
25 - 49$17.95
50 - 99$17.50
Subtotal $24.95
Language

This course is available in English and Spanish at no additional charge.

Certificate of completion included. Downloadable upon passing the final assessment.

$24.95
per person